Articles Posted in Federal Criminal Charges

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Police can search your phone or computer in three ways: with a warrant, with your consent, or in limited circumstances without either. A warrant requires probable cause, enough evidence to persuade a neutral judge that the search is justified. That same threshold must be met before a judge will authorize criminal charges.

When investigators ask for consent rather than presenting a warrant, it is because they do not yet have enough evidence to meet that standard. Consenting hands them exactly what they need. Refusing does not create probable cause where none exists. It simply declines to supply the evidence the investigation currently lacks.

Law enforcement officers are trained to obtain consent and are legally permitted to use deception to get it. Police may lawfully make false statements about the strength of their evidence, what others have told them, what they have already found, and what consequences will follow from cooperation or refusal. None of those representations are legally binding and none are required to be true.

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Avoiding incarceration on a Michigan CSAM charge is possible but requires early legal intervention, a proactive mitigation strategy, and experienced counsel. Courts have imposed probation rather than prison in appropriate cases. The charge level, county, judge, and pre-sentencing preparation all affect the outcome significantly.

Sentence mitigation in a Michigan CSAM case is not simply a matter of assembling positive factors and presenting them to the judge. The sentencing proceeding will almost always include material from the prosecution about harm to children, and Michigan courts take the nature of these offenses seriously. A judge who has considered that material is not a neutral audience for a standard mitigation presentation. A defense narrative that does not honestly acknowledge that children are harmed by the existence of CSAM — including children harmed by those who consumed rather than produced it — will not be credible, regardless of how strong the individual mitigation factors look on paper.

The deeper challenge in building an effective mitigation narrative is often not legal but psychological. Many clients in CSAM cases carry significant shame and have developed defense mechanisms — minimization, rationalization, emotional detachment — that prevent them from accessing the authentic personal material a judge needs to see. A sentencing memorandum written from surface-level facts, without that deeper material, reads as clinical rather than human. Reaching what actually makes a narrative compelling often requires specialized preparation techniques designed to help clients move past these defenses in a safe and structured way.

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When a technology platform detects possible child sexually abusive material, federal law requires it to report the content to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC). NCMEC forwards the report to law enforcement, which may then obtain a warrant to search your devices. Detection can happen without any human review of your files.

What most people do not understand about an NCMEC-referred investigation is that by the time a law enforcement agent knocks on the door or calls on the phone, the investigation has typically been underway for weeks or months. The platform detected the material, generated an automated report, NCMEC reviewed and forwarded it, and federal or state investigators identified the account holder, confirmed the address, and built a probable cause foundation for a warrant, all before any contact with the suspect. The person receiving that knock believes they are at the beginning of a process. In reality they are near its end.

That asymmetry produces four predictable and serious mistakes. The first is believing that cooperating with investigators will result in more lenient treatment. It rarely does, and statements made during voluntary cooperation frequently become the most damaging evidence in the case. The second is believing that deleting files or destroying the device eliminates the evidence. It does not. Hash values and metadata can persist in ways that are not visible to the user, and destruction of a device after a person knows or reasonably suspects an investigation is underway carries its own serious legal consequences. The third is believing that because no contact has occurred for weeks or months, law enforcement lost interest or moved on. Investigations of this kind do not expire. The fourth is believing that a prior conversation with investigators went well and the matter is resolved. It almost certainly is not.

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Michigam OWI lawyer Patrick Barone owns Barone Defense Fir m in Birmingham, MI. Here he discusses the age of consent (the legal age that a perron must be to have consensual relation with another human being.

If your Michigan defense attorney has asked you to collect character letters for your DUI/OWI case or other criminal matter, this guide explains everything your authors need to know – how to format the letter, what to include, and the specific storytelling approaches that make a character letter genuinely persuasive to prosecutors and judges. You can share a link directly to this page with everyone you ask to write on your behalf.

Over three decades of handling Michigan DUI and criminal defense cases, and as a co-author of the Michigan State Appellate Defender Office’s published guide on this subject, I have read hundreds of these letters. I know which ones move decision-makers and which ones fall flat. The difference almost never comes down to who writes the letter. It comes down to how it is written.

One preliminary point bears emphasis: there is no such thing as a form character letter, and this guide deliberately does not provide one. When every letter submitted on your behalf follows the same template, they stop being individual voices and start looking like a coordinated public relations campaign. Prosecutors and judges notice this immediately, and it undermines your credibility rather than building it. The use of form letters is strongly discouraged.

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Every criminal case begins the same way. The government tells a story. Sometimes that story is short, a police report describing a traffic stop, a few observations, followed by an arrest for operating while intoxicated. Sometimes it is sprawling and extraordinary, a federal superseding indictment naming a sitting head of state, Nicolás Maduro, and alleging decades-long conspiracies spanning continents, governments, and criminal organizations. The difference between the two is not as great as it seems.

The recently unsealed superseding indictment against Maduro is a useful illustration, not because of politics, and not because of the individual accused, but because it shows, in its most extreme form, how prosecutors construct narratives, and alludes to the critical importance of storytelling.

The document reads less like a tentative accusation and more like a completed moral history. It is detailed, chronological, confident, and seemingly comprehensive. Long before any evidence is tested in court, the story feels finished. None of this happened by accident. The prosecutors have crafted this story with great care because this is exactly how criminal charging documents are designed to function.

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If you’ve been charged with a crime in Michigan, you are probably wondering what will happen to you when you go to court. Understanding the the rules of criminal procedure in Michigan will help lower your anxiety and this guide is designed to give you a basic reference about what to expect after your case gets started in court.

Also covered in this comprehensive guide to criminal procedure are the steps that the case will go through before it ever gets to court. Understanding how cases begin is essential for anyone facing criminal allegations. The following information is for Michigan state cases.  For federal case procedure please see our companion article – What Are the Steps in a Federal Criminal Case?

Frequently Asked Questions About Michigan Criminal Procedure:

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badge-DOJIt can be difficult to know if you are under a federal investigation. However, if you are aware, there are several clues that you are under investigation by the Federal Government. One of them is the receipt of a target letter.

A target letter is a formal notification sent by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) to inform an individual that they are a target of a federal criminal investigation.

The letter typically provides information about the nature of the investigation. This might include the specific crime or crimes that Government suspects you of committing.

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If you have reason to believe that you are under investigation for a crime in Michigan, it is in your best interest to seek the advice and representation of an experienced criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible.

You may feel tempted to handle the matter on your own or wait until you have been formally charged with a crime. It is important to understand that the actions you take at this early stage can have a significant impact on the outcome of your criminal case.

If you are being investigated this only means that police officers are using many investigative tools against you as they are building a case. While you may not be facing criminal charges right now, you may well soon be notified that warrant for your arrest has been issued. You are better off hiring a criminal defense attorney now to protect your rights.

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Jury nullification in Michigan can and does happen, which is when a jury judges the law instead of determining if a defendant is guilty of breraking that law.
Jury nullification occurs when a Michigan jury returns a verdict that is contrary to the law given them by the Judge. In a criminal case, jury nullification occurs when the jury, while believing the accused to be guilty, nevertheless return a verdict of not guilty.

In Michigan criminal defense cases, jury nullification can be both a fascinating and controversial topic. Many people are surprised to learn that a jury can essentially reject the law as it’s written if they feel applying it would result in an unjust outcome. This doesn’t happen often, but when it does, it can be a powerful reminder that our justice system includes a human element. Jurors are instructed to follow the law, but they also bring their own values and perspectives into the courtroom. For people facing serious charges like OWI or other criminal offenses in Michigan, understanding how a jury might respond to the facts—and the law—is an important part of legal strategy.

Usually this happens when the jurors either don’t like the MI criminal law in question or don’t believe that the criminal law is being appropriately applied. When a jury does this they are thought to “judge” the law.

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Fraud vs Embezzlement. Any embezzlement or fraud conviction would be a “crime of moral turpitude,” which can block you from obtaining a wide variety of jobs. Plus, for large amounts pilfered (e.g., from a bank account, a church, or a charitable organization), up to 20 years in prison (state or federal) and fines of over one hundred thousand dollars may be ordered to be paid by the convicted person for felony embezzlement

Define embezzlement. For any person working in a job for a business, company, church or even a charity, and who has access to checkbooks or other electronic means of siphoning off money or charging to a company credit card, all of these can be how an embezzlement defined in an indictment may read.

Types of Fraud Charges. At Barone Defense Firm, our law group is staffed and prepared to help those facing embezzlement charges and other white collar crimes, including those who were acting in a fiduciary relationship (e.g., lawyer or accountant or bookkeeper frauds).

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